a-cosmology-group/acg#221

According to the Variable Mass Theory there does of course exist a Mass-Redshift correlation:

$$ 1+z = \frac{m_0}{m} = e^{H_0(-t)} $$

with $z=$ redshift, $m=$ mass, $H_0$ = Hubble parameter, $t=$ atomic time / “expanded time”, previously called measured time by you. But the picture shown above is consistent with so-called Minkowski time $\tau$, though there does not exist a physical clock running with it. The accompanying formula is

$$ -\tau = \frac{1}{H_0}\frac{z}{1+z} $$

leading to a Lookback Time of $1/H_0$ for $z=\infty$. I am affraid that other timescales are in better agreement with observation.

Would be nice to add a line that shows the trend because visually it isn’t rigorous.

A subtopic about the mass redshift relation is the mass distribution/redshift relation E.g what percentage of the observed mass is distributed around the galactic nucleus/“black hole” and around the disk and galactic bar.

Quote: In the local Universe, the ratio between the mass of a central black hole and the stellar mass of its host galaxy is ∼0.1%. Recently, JWST discovered numerous galaxies at z>4 that seem to deviate from the local relation, with black holes overmassive by 10−100 times.

This recent study seems to find no “significant” evolution of central black hole size with redshift which is very surprising regarding latest JWST findings https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.02779 Note that it is unclear to me whether they shows that the mean central black hole mass ratio in high Z jwst galaxies is normal or not. From my limited understanding they test “intrinsic scatter” which I interpret as a test of galaxy “genealogy” meaning, in my neophyte interpretation, that they shows (with uncertainties) that the early galaxies with massive black holes would be a distinct population and that the low Z galaxies would be therefore not their descendants. IF this interpretation is correct then JWST stills finds evolution of central black hole mass over time but this would be distinct populations?

Another key question is the redshift evolution parameterized over the types of astrophysical objects e.g the ratio of spiral galaxies vs other types, blazar, etc. IIRC a major issue for static universes is the total extinction of quasars in the low redshift universe (assuming no intrinsic redshift) Note that this is related to the Tully fisher relation

digression but spiral structures appears to evolve with redshift https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.11670

record low metallicity https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.11099