Background: It is often claimed that the early universe has irregularly shaped galaxies, compared to the modern, regular shaped galaxies. Hence galaxies evolved from messy blobs to disks over time.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.00153 MIDIS. Near-infrared rest-frame morphology of massive galaxies at 3<z<5.5 in the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field
If I’m reading this right…
This paper examines the early universe with JWST’s MIRI. One of the main conclusions is that in the observed mid-infrared (which translates to rest frame near-IR), we can see that the irregular early galaxies are actually disk shaped. It doesn’t look that way to Hubble because it only sees them in their rest frame UV, which only shows young stellar populations that are scattered around.
Their second conclusion is that from 3 < z < 4 they see more bars and bulges, indicating some evolution. So, a little bad news with the good news.
To a big bang skeptic, it would imply the bars and bulges are not being seen at z > 4 for the same reason that the disks were missed by Hubble, or perhaps the spatial resolution isn’t good enough for the more distant galaxies to detect those features.